A brushed DC motor operates by utilizing fixed magnets known as the main pole, along with brushes that are fixed in place. The rotating component consists of a toroidal core that has a winding wrapped around it.
A pair of DC-excited stationary main magnetic poles N and S are installed on the fixed part (stator) of the two-pole brushed DC motor, and an armature core is installed on the rotating part (rotor). There is an air gap between the stator and the rotor. An armature coil composed of two conductors A and X is placed on the armature core. The head and end of the coil are respectively connected to two arc-shaped copper plates, which are called commutating plates. The commutator segments are insulated from each other, and the whole composed of commutator segments is called a commutator. The commutator is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the commutator segments and the rotating shaft are insulated from each other. A pair of fixed brushes B1 and B2 are placed on the commutator. When the armature rotates, the armature coil is connected to the external circuit through the commutator and the brush.